Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Which of the following is not a advantage of 99mTc agents?
a. | lower radiation burden to patient | b. | Stress injection at remote
site | c. | high energy and hence better image quality | d. | lower liver/bowel
activity |
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2.
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In certain conditions, the administration activity for 99mTc-labeled
tracers needed is higher. Which of the following need a higher activity?
i A
multiple-head camera system
ii Shorter imaging time
iii Gated imaging
iv High body
weight
a. | i, ii, iii | d. | ii, iii, iv | b. | i, ii, iv | e. | i, iii, iv | c. | all of the
above |
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3.
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201TI have a gamma photon of ______.
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4.
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Which of the following organs have the highest absorbed dose per unit for 99mTc-sestamibi?
i Gall-bladder
ii Colon
iii Kidney
iv
Ovaries
a. | ii, iv | c. | i, iv | b. | ii, iii | d. | i, iii |
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5.
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Which of the following is the side effect from adenosine?
i
Flushing
ii Dizziness
iii Chest pain
iv Nausea
a. | i, iii, iv | d. | i, ii, iv | b. | ii, iii, iv | e. | all of the above | c. | i, ii,
iii |
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6.
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Which of the following is the advantages of CT scan over external rotating
source in the transmission scan?
i The transmission scan of CT is significantly
slower.
ii CT contains much lower statistical noise.
iii CT provides anatomic information
that complements the functional data provided by PET.
iv The transmission scan can be acquired
after injection without bias from the injected tracer.
a. | ii, iii, iv | d. | i, iii, iv | b. | i, ii, iv | e. | i. ii, iii | c. | all of the
above |
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7.
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Which of the following is being used in a transmission imaging using an external
radiation source?
i Americium-241
ii Barium-133
iii Cobalt-57
iv
Technetium-99m
a. | i, iii, iv | d. | i, ii, iii | b. | all of the above | e. | ii, iii, iv | c. | i, ii,
iv |
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Matching
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a. | Akinetic | d. | Dipyridamole
| b. | Dobutamine | e. | Peripheral hypoperfusion | c. | 99mTc-sestamibi | f. | Automatic image registration |
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8.
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The principles of ______ is to find the spatial transformation between both
images providing the highest value for the similarity measure, and it is commonly achieved through
the maximization of the similarity measure using an optimization algorithm.
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9.
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______ region is defined by the absence of wall thickening and motion.
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10.
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______ is a cationic complex which diffuses
passively through the capillary and cell membrane, resulting in lower immediate
extraction.
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11.
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Whenever ______ happen, the patient should be stopped from the
exercise.
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12.
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______ is an indirect coronary arteriolar dilator
that increases the tissue levels of adenosine by preventing the intracellular reuptake and
deamination of adenosine.
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13.
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is a secondary pharmacological stressor that is
used in patients who cannot undergo exercise stress and have contraindications to vasodilator
stressors.
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True/False
Indicate whether the
statement is true or false.
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14.
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In the scanning process, PET cover a fraction of the respiratory cycle,
whereas CT shows an image averaged over the whole respiratory cycle.
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15.
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Decreased regional FDG uptake relative to myocardial
perfusion indicates viability, whereas increased regional of FDG uptake in proportion to perfusion
indicates irreversibly damaged myocardium
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16.
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For 99mTc-labeled tracers, most of the countries recommended
250-350MBq for the first injection and five times more for second study.
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17.
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Suboptimal quality of study happen where the study is suboptimal because of either an insufficient heart rate response during cardiac
stress or technical problems during data acquisition.
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18.
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FBP methods are preferable than iterative methods because they offer more
accurate modeling of physical processes and reduce noise.
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19.
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For the review of tomograms, all three image planes should be inspected: short
axis, horizontal long axis and vertical long
axis.
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20.
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201TI have a relatively long physical half-life and thus causing a
high radiation burden for the patient.
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21.
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FBP filtering is fast, computationally non intensive but cannot incorporate
attenuation and scatter correction in the reconstruction.
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22.
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The radioactive isotope injected for the study
of myocardial perfusion imaging produces more radiation than x-ray procedures such as a CT scan
or a kidney study.
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23.
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For perfusion imaging with SPECT, thallium-201
(201Tl) and two technetium-99m
(99mTc) labeled radiopharmaceuticals (sestamibi and
tetrofosmin) are available commercially.
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24.
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Increased FDG blood pool activity may be caused by
inadequate patient preparation such as high plasma free fatty acids, low plasma insulin, and insulin
resistance, diabetes or too early image acquisition.
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25.
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Since the introduction of combined PET/CT scanners, CT has replaced external
rotating sources (e.g., 68Ge or 137Cs) for the measurement of the transmission
scan used to account for photon attenuation within the body.
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26.
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The emission-transmission had larger effects in the anterior and anterolateral
segments, producing a significant reduction in measured uptake in these areas.
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27.
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Dynamic exercise is the technique of choice in the
assessment of patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease provided that the patient is
able to exercise to an acceptable work load.
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28.
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Close contact with infants should be restricted
during this period, in particular when 99mTc-labeled tracers are used.
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29.
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Wall thickening is assessed according to the
relative increase in myocardial counts between diastole and systole.
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30.
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Imaging should began begin 15 min after injection to
allow for hepatobiliary clearance.
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31.
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360 degree acquisitions generally give higher
contrast resolution but more geometric distortions than the 3180 degree orbit.
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