Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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All of below are advantages of PET imaging, except
a. | Provide earlier diagnostic information | c. | Inexpensive
technology | b. | Versatile radiopharmaceutical technology | d. | Monitor the extent and progression of
disease |
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2.
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What is the advantages of Correction for
Attenuation?
i.Improvement of the anatomic delineation
ii.Lesions can be localized more
accurately
iii.Necessary for semiquantitative evaluation with SUV
iiii.May be helpful for
specific clinical situation
a. | i and ii | c. | i, iii and iiii | b. | all of above | d. | i and iii only |
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3.
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Emission images for PET should be obtained at least _____ minutes after
radiopharmaceutical injection
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4.
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The CT field of view should be at least _____ in diameter to minimize artifacts
from CT-based attenuation correction because of mismatch between the CT and the PET
fields.
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5.
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Excessive talking after injection can cause prominent F-FDG uptake within
the
a. | Muscle of mastication | c. | Genioglossus muscle | b. | thyroid nodules | d. | Larynx |
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6.
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The following are the necessary patient preparation before imaging, exept
a. | Patient should void before scanning | c. | No strenuous exercise for 24 hours
before PET | b. | Fasting for 4-6 hours | d. | Glucose level ideally between 90 and 120 mg/dL |
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7.
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The emission data must be corrected for the followings, except
a. | random coincidences | c. | detector efficiency | b. | accumulation | d. | system dead
time |
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8.
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The cancer tissues below have low avidity for F-FDG, except
a. | carcinoid tumor | c. | brochoalveolar cancer | b. | mucinous
enocarcinoma | d. | sarcoma
tissues |
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9.
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Keeping the patient in a warm room for 30-60 minutes before the injection
of
F-FDG will help to
a. | reduce unnecessary absorption by other organs | c. | minimize brown fat uptake
| b. | reduced accumulated urinary tracer activity | d. | clearing bladder
activity |
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10.
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Receptor expression for Estrogen
receptors(eg:breast cancer) is:
a. | 18F-fuoroestradiol | c. | 18F-flumazenil | b. | 68Ga-DOTA TOC and NOC | d. | 18F-fluoro-DOPA |
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11.
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Normal Distribution of FDG for Human Brain is at:
a. | variable uptake | c. | low uptake | b. | high uptake in the gray
matter | d. | low uptake at
rest |
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12.
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F-FDG accumulation in the brain is fairly constant and consistent which
accounted for ____ of total-body glucose metabolism in the fasting state..
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13.
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The reproductibility of SUV measurements depends on the following clinical
protocols, except
a. | changes in uptake by organs | c. | type of reconstruction
algorithms | b. | type of attentuation maps | d. | location of the region of interest |
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14.
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What is the quality of the images with attenuation depends on?
i)the accuracy
of registration of the emission
ii)the accuracy of transmission scan
a. | all of above | c. | i only | b. | none of above | d. | ii only |
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15.
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The followings are false negative findings, except
a. | Tumor necrosis | c. | small size | b. | Tumors with large mucinous
components | d. | Recent low-dose
steroid therapy |
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16.
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Below of the most common encountered causes of False-positive findings,
except
a. | Brain | c. | Thyroid | b. | Thymus | d. | Salivary glands and lymphoid tissues in the
head and nect |
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17.
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Possible causes of F-FDG uptake in the digestive tract are below, except
a. | active smooth muscles | c. | Intense breathing | b. | Hyperventilation | d. | vigorous
exercise |
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18.
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Possible causes of F-FDG uptake in the digestive tract are below, except
a. | Intense breathing | c. | vigorous exercise | b. | active smooth muscles | d. | Hyperventilation |
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19.
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All of the followings will increase diffuse intense F-FDG uptake in the bone
marrow,except
a. | Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) | c. | Hematopoietic growth factor
(HGF) | b. | Hyperventilation | d. | Erythropoietin |
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20.
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In order to accurately interpret F-FDG findings, one must be familiar with all
the characteristic below, except
a. | size of the lesions | c. | benign pathologic causes of FDG uptake | b. | Frequently
encountered physiologic variants | d. | normal physiologic distribution of variants |
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21.
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For lutetium oxyorthosilicate-based scanners, a modified NEMA protocol is
defined as follows, except
a. | Uniformity: >5% | c. | Axial resolution <6.5mm | b. | Sensitivity
(3D) | d. | Axial resolution
<6.5mm |
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22.
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There are some attenuated PET images, Inaccurate co-registration due to:
EXEPT
a. | short transmission scan | c. | respiratory
motion | b. | slow motion | d. | random motion |
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23.
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Indications for F-FDG PET/CT
a. | Differentiating benign from malignant lesions | c. | Staging know
malignacies | b. | Guiding radiation therapy planning | d. | Determine the therapy on known
malignancies |
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24.
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Receptor expression for Benzodiazepine
receptors(eg:Epilepsy) is:
a. | 18F-fluoro-DOPA | c. | 18F-fuoroestradiol | b. | 18F-flumazenil | d. | 68Ga-DOTA TOC and NOC |
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Matching
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Positrons Emitters that produced in a cyclotron a. | (T1/2 = 110 min) | e. | (T1/2 = 10
days) | b. | (T1/2 = 10 min) | f. | (T1/2 = 120 min) | c. | (T1/2 = 20 min) | g. | (T1/2 = 12h) | d. | (T1/2 = 4
days) | h. | (T1/2 = 2
min) |
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25.
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Copper-64
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26.
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Carbon-11
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27.
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Nitrogen-13
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28.
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Iodine-124
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29.
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Oxygen-15
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30.
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Fluorine-18
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Which one is limitation of CT? and which one is limitation of FDG PET?
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31.
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Differentiation of unopacified bowel versus lesion
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32.
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Size criteria for lymph nodes involvement
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33.
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Accurate localization of the abnormalities
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34.
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Physiological variations of FDG distribution
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35.
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Evaluation of tumors after therapy
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36.
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Equivocal lesions
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37.
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Limited resolution
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Please fill in the blank a. | Benzodiazepines | i. | myocardium | b. | hexokinase | j. | colonoscopy | c. | F-FDG-6-phosphate | k. | F-FDG-3-phosphate | d. | phosphorylase | l. | Respiratory motion | e. | genioglossus
muscle | m. | Focal nodal
neoplasia | f. | scar formation | n. | thalassemia | g. | glucose-6-phosphatase | o. | Hyperventilation | h. | tuberculosis | p. | VEGF |
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38.
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_____ prevents the tongue from falling back in supine patients.
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39.
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F-FDG is phosphorylated by _____ to form F-FDG-6-phosphate.
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40.
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_____ may be used to decrease paraspinal and posterior cervical muscle uptake
in tense patients
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41.
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Focal urinary activity within the ureter can also simulate _____ .
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42.
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Inhomogenous myocardial uptake and segmental absence of uptake attributed to
previous previous _____ can cause confusion when interpreting the study.
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43.
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_____ cannot be further degraded via the glycolysis pathway or undergo
dephosphorylation
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44.
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intense activity in the colon should be futher evaluated with _____ colonoscopy
to exclude neoplastic process.
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45.
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_____ stimulates the proliferation and migration of vascularly derived
endothelial cells.
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46.
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During fasting state, _____ depends on fatty acids to produce energy.
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47.
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_____ can cause extramedullary hematopoiesis, which will lead to enhanced F-FDG
uptake in the spleen.
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48.
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_____ results in inaccurate localization of lesions at the base and periphery
of the lungs.
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Assessment of Tumor Biology
with PET
Metabolism: a. | 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose | d. | 11C-methionine, 18F-choline | b. | 11C-acetate , 18F-choline | e. | 18Ftyrosine, 11C-methionine | c. | 18F-fluoride |
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49.
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Membrane lipid synthesis
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50.
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Bone metabolism
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51.
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Glucose metabolism
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52.
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Amino acid transport and metabolism
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What is the step for SNM Procedure Guidelines for FDG
PET/CT? a. | step 1 | f. | step 6 | b. | step
2 | g. | step
7 | c. | step 3 | h. | step
8 | d. | step 4 | i. | step
9 | e. | step 5 | j. | step
10 |
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53.
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Background Information and Definitions
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54.
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Interpretation Criteria
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55.
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Intervention
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56.
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Qualification of Personnel
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57.
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Procedure
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58.
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Processing
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59.
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Purpose
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60.
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Quality Control
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61.
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Reporting
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62.
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Sources of Error
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Positrons Emitters that produced by generator a. | (T1/2 = 20 min) | e. | (T1/2 = 4
days) | b. | (T1/2 = 68 sec) | f. | (T1/2 = 10 min) | c. | (T1/2 = 78 sec) | g. | (T1/2 = 110 min) | d. | (T1/2 = 88
sec) | h. | (T1/2 = 120
min) |
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63.
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Gallium-68
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64.
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Rubidium-82
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65.
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Copper-62
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True/False
Indicate whether the
statement is true or false.
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66.
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If the CT scan is obtained for AC/AL, a low milliampere-seconds setting is
recommended to decrease the radiation dose to the patient.
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67.
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FDG and PET/CT can be applied in Neurology for:
i)Brain Tumors
ii)HIV
positive patients with neurological symtoms
iii)Epilepsy
iiii)Cerebrovascular disease
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68.
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PET Tracers of Perfusion:
.. 15O-water (cyclotron, T1/2 = 2
min)
.. 13N-ammonia (cyclotron, T1/2 = 10 min)
.. 82Copper (T1/2 = 12
min)
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69.
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Dilute positive and negative oral contrast agents cause more overestimation but
do not affect PET image quality.
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70.
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For optimal imaging of the head and neck, the arms should be elevated over the
head if that position can be tolerated by the patient.
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71.
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Inflammatory process such as postchemotherapy, thyroiditis, actue cholangitis
and cholecystitis, and such are the common causes for false-positive findings.
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72.
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Limited-area tumor imaging are considered for tumors with a high likelihood of
scalp, skull, or brain involvement or lower-extremity involvement.
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73.
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By moving the patient from imaging table when performing simultaneous
or
sequential transmission/emission scans can avoid inaccuracy.
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74.
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Symmetric salivary gland uptake could be positional or could be due to surgical
Symmetric salivary gland uptake could be positional or could be due to surgical or postradiation
therapy inflammatory-induced changes.
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75.
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PET assesses physiology and anatomy rather
than
biochemistry
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76.
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A PET/CT registration is the process of aligning PET and CT images for the
purposes of combined image display (fusion) and image analysis.
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77.
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Administration of F-FDG should be delayed after insulin administration.
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78.
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Cancerous cells absorb higher content of glucose compared to normal tissues,
which form the based for tumor imaging with F-FDG.
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79.
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Attenuation effects are more significant in coincidence imaging than
SPECT.
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80.
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Normal and noncancerous conditions such as infection will not increase F-FDG
uptake.
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81.
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Thymus uptake for F-FDG is a normal finding in old people compared to children
and young adults
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82.
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CT is a tomographic imaging technique that uses an x-ray beam to produce
anatomic images, where the information is used to detect and to help determine the location and
extent of malignancies.
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83.
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For women in reproductive age, F-FDG imaging should be done within menstrual
flow phase to avoid any misinterpretation of pelvic F-FDG PET images.
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84.
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F-FDG is an analog of glucose, which is a versatile radiopharmaceutical with
major applications in oncology, neurology, and cardiology.
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85.
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Numerous malignant tumors express higher numbers of specific membrane transport
proteins, with greater affinity for glucose than normal cells, which permits increased glucose flow
into the cancerous cells.
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86.
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PET is a tomographic scintigraphic technique in which a computer-generated image
of local radioactive tracer distribution in tissue is produced through the detection of annihilation
photons that are emitted when radionuclides introduced into the body decay and release
positrons.
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